Key+Knowledge

= AREA OF STUDY 2: DETECTING AND RESPONDING = Key Knowledge (from the VCAA VCE Study Design):**

This knowledge includes:

Coordination and regulation
 * BIG IDEA 1: Homeostasis**
 * stability and change in the internal environment
 * principles of homeostasis: stimulus-response model and negative feedback model; roles of nervous and endocrine systems

Coordination and regulation
 * BIG IDEA 2: Detecting and Responding to Signals**
 * signalling molecules - neurotransmitters, hormones, pheromones, plant growth regulators
 * signal transduction - signals, membrane receptors, responses

Detecting ‘self’ and ‘non-self’ molecules: antigens and membrane receptors Physical and chemical barriers to infection in plants and animals Immune response
 * BIG IDEA 3: Immune Response (Self and Non-Self)**
 * non-specific: inflammatory response; phagocytosis; blood clotting
 * specific immune response: T-cell lymphocytes and cell-mediated response; B-cell and humoral response, antigens and antibodies memory cells

Disorders of the immune response: autoimmunity; hypersensitivity, allergens and allergic responses Acquired immunity: natural, artificial including vaccines and antibody serums
 * BIG IDEA 4: Disorders of the Immune Response**